Ethics and Artificial life: From Modeling to Moral Agents     

John?P.?SullinsEmail author 《Ethics and Information Technology》2005,7(3):139-148

Artificial Life (ALife) has two goals. One attempts to describe fundamental qualities of living systems through agent based computer models. And the second studies whether or not we can artificially create living things in computational mediums that can be realized either, virtually in software, or through biotechnology. The study of ALife has recently branched into two further subdivisions, one is “dry” ALife, which is the study of living systems “in silico” through the use of computer simulations, and the other is “wet” ALife that uses biological material to realize what has only been simulated on computers, effectively wet ALife uses biological material as a kind of computer. This is challenging to the field of computer ethics as it points towards a future in which computer and bioethics might have shared concerns. The emerging studies into wet ALife are likely to provide strong empirical evidence for ALife’s most challenging hypothesis: that life is a certain set of computable functions that can be duplicated in any medium. I believe this will propel ALife into the midst of the mother of all cultural battles that has been gathering around the emergence of biotechnology. Philosophers need to pay close attention to this debate and can serve a vital role in clarifying and resolving the dispute. But even if ALife is merely a computer modeling technique that sheds light on living systems, it still has a number of significant ethical implications such as its use in the modeling of moral and ethical systems, as well as in the creation of artificial moral agents.  相似文献   

I Agree—Well,Mostly!     

Robert J. Sternberg 《Roeper Review》2017,39(4):246-249

In this essay, I reply to my five commentators in the October 2017 issue of the Roeper Review to my July 2017 article: “ACCEL: A New Model for Identifying the Gifted.” I respond to each in turn. I end with the question I believe most important for those of us interested in giftedness to confront at the present moment.  相似文献   

The use of portfolios to foster professionalism: attributes,outcomes, and recommendations     

Renato Soleiman Franco  Camila Ament Giuliani dos Santos Franco  Olívia Pestana  Milton Severo  Maria Amélia Ferreira 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(5):737-755

The main objective of this research was to review the characteristics of portfolios and their outcomes for teaching professionalism to undergraduate medical students. A systematic review on the use of portfolios in teaching professionalism to medical students identified 1257 papers. Of these, 11 articles met all inclusion criteria. According to the papers, the use of portfolios for teaching professionalism shows versatility, supports learning strategies and has the potential to be used in different contexts, including for formative and summative purposes. The weaknesses were based on the artificiality of the reflections, deficient instructions, time-consuming processes and preference among students for other teaching methods. Students complained about feeling that the reflection was ‘forced’, and they tended to write based on social conventions rather than reveal their true thoughts. Reflection is a powerful component of the portfolio, but the method by which it is taught could easily ruin its potential to boost professionalism. Requiring reflection did not ensure its achievement; increased understanding by students regarding how and why they were doing it, the clarity of assessment methods and constructive feedback might strengthen the potential for success. A framework was designed to support faculty members in developing and applying portfolios with a clear and broad view of this teaching strategy.  相似文献   

Stone Walks: inhuman animacies and queer archives of feeling     

Stephanie Springgay  Sarah E. Truman 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2017,38(6):851-863

Excavating what Jeffrey Cohen [2015. Stone: An ecology of the inhuman. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press] calls ‘lithic ecomateriality’, in this paper we illustrate how rocks have traditionally been conceptualized through three tropes: rocks as insensate; rocks as personified; and rocks as transformative. We take up the concept of inhuman to challenge human-centric taxonomies of rocks and animacy. If rocks are not lifeless, or only considered as ‘resources’ or ‘threats’, to humans, then thinking with rocks as vital extends our ethical and political response. In the final section of the paper, we consider archives, not as a logical form of organizing knowledge, but as material, vital, and affective. We argue that when stones and archives are examined as something more than stable things – as interfactual, transcorporeal, and transmaterial co-compositions – different ethical relatings to the inhuman world become possible.  相似文献   

Provider ambivalence about using forensic medical evaluation to respond to child abuse: A content and discourse analysis     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

  相似文献   

Development of a didactical training concept for peer tutors in gross anatomy          下载免费PDF全文

Simone Alvarez  Christoph Nikendei  Jobst‐Hendrik Schultz 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(5):495-502

Even though peer tutors are often used in gross anatomy courses, research in the field is rather a subject of the last two decades. This is especially true about the didactical challenges these types of peer tutors experience during their tutorials and about how they are prepared for the task. The aim of the presented study was to learn about the training needs of the tutors, and to subsequently design, implement, and evaluate a didactical training concept. A qualitative design was chosen to examine how tutors can best be prepared for tutorials of gross anatomy. To do so, focus group interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed and grouped into various concepts, using semi‐structured interview questions as guidance. It was found that peer tutors are in need of training in the following aspects: Dealing with students who are experiencing difficulties during or as a result of dissection, dealing with group dynamics, that is, at the dissection table, keeping students motivated, time management, and staying confident as a tutor. In order to be regarded as useful and relevant in the eyes of tutors, a preparatory training course should include all these aspects in addition to general didactical training elements. Training needs of peer tutors of gross anatomy go beyond the content of standardized didactical curricula; therefore, tutors should be prepared with a curriculum that is specifically geared toward the many challenges associated with teaching gross anatomy to first year medical students which are already so well documented in the research literature. Anat Sci Educ 10: 495–502. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Human Relations: The Cornerstone of a Roeper Education     

Lori A. Lutz  Susannah Nichols 《Roeper Review》2016,38(4):261-266

This article traces the evolution of a moral philosophy curriculum originally taught by George A. Roeper in the earliest years of The Roeper School. The first author, a student at The Roeper School in the 1960s and 1970s, describes the impact of the class George Roeper called “Human Relations” on her life. Returning to the School as a parent and trustee, she had the opportunity to re-create for current students the experience of the Human Relations class in a workshop, liberally borrowing material from a philosophy class taught by Harvard political philosopher Michael Sandel. In the second part of the article, a current English teacher at The Roeper School and attendee at that workshop discusses how she was inspired to revise her literature courses to incorporate the moral philosophy approach of George Roeper and Michael Sandel.  相似文献   

论当代中国行政伦理价值取向的基础与特征     

黎文龙  陈传伟 《忻州师范学院学报》2004,20(4):19-21

中国现代化进程中呈现出的多元社会形态并存的社会现状，是中国行政伦理价值取向的基础。这一基础从本质上影响和制约了中国行政伦理的价值判断与选择。在相当长的时期内，中国行政伦理价值的主要特征是多重跨越与共生。  相似文献   

我国公德建设的历史与文化困境探略     

杜灵来 《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2006,4(4):81-84

文章从历史和文化传统两个角度分析了影响我国公德建设的困境，即公共生活领域狭窄，严重的政治化和精英化倾向，以及道德理想主义等。加强公德建设，必须加快社会主义市场经济建设的步伐；必须迅速完善相关的社会公共生活制度；必须增强道德规范内容的科学性和人文精神；必须强化舆论的引导和监督职能，努力营造良好的道德环境；必须重点加强对青少年和国家公务员的道德教育。  相似文献   

加强会计职业道德建设的途径和方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王淑琴 《长江工程职业技术学院学报》2007,24(3):62-64

阐述了会计职业道德及其建设的重要性,指出了当前会计职业道德的现状并分析了存在问题的原因,提出了加强会计职业道德建设的途径与方法.  相似文献